The first part draws on harmonized input–output data (2002–2017) to show that the ICT sector has become a central engine of national growth, influencing a wide range of industries and serving as a key driver of long-term development.

The second part looks at how PFTZs affect A-share listed firms (2008–2016), revealing that these zones significantly strengthen both upstream and downstream firms through supply-chain spillovers. The effects differ across suppliers, customers, and regions, underscoring the need for well-targeted policies.

Together, the panel highlights how technological momentum and institutional innovation are reshaping China’s competitiveness and its integration into global production networks.