It shows how globalization once focused mainly on efficiency and economic growth, but is now increasingly shaped by national security concerns and strategic rivalry, particularly between the United States and China. Through examples such as the semiconductor industry, the Huawei case, and recent geopolitical conflicts like the war in Ukraine and tensions around Taiwan, the lecture explains how supply chains, technology, and trade routes have turned into instruments of global power. Ultimately, it highlights how the world economy is shifting from a purely globalized system toward a more fragmented and geopolitically driven order.